En nuestros días es un hecho que las especializaciones han ocasionado la disgregación del conocimiento humano. La universidad actual es la representación más concreta de esta disgregación, y el carácter de su quehacer se ha convertido en una inquietud relevante en todas las culturas por la multiplic..

Specialization has led to the breakdown of knowledge with the current university system to blame. This is a pressing issue worldwide. The reasons include social issues, educational models and the complexities of academic life. In contrast, this review explores the model of universities prevalent during medieval times in terms of teaching, research, community service, internationalization and autonomy, all pointing to an educational par excellence.

Physical education is often selected for applying multilingual initiatives through the use of the content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach. However, it is still unclear whether the introduction of such approach might entail losing Physical Education’s essence and distorting its basic purposes. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of CLIL on the Physical Education lessons. Given the purpose of this study, a mixed methodological approach based on a sequential exploratory design divided in two different phases (...) is used. We begin with an initial qualitative data collection (phase I) consisting in the analysis of interviews with 12 participants (8 teachers and 4 students). Based on its analysis, two foci are identified: social relationships and physical activity. Then, informed by the results obtained, a quantitative approach is used (phase II), differentiating these two sets of data to deepen on them. On one part, a sociometric questionnaire was applied to analyse the social relationships among CLIL students. On the other part, a quasi-experimental design (n = 49) was implemented using accelerometry to measure the MVPA of the PE sessions. Regarding physical activity, the results show that levels of MVPA are higher in the experimental group (CLIL) than in the control group showing light to the divergent viewpoints of interviewees. However, focusing on social relationships, the sociometric questionnaire results show that there were no statistical significative changes, although some signs of a slight effect on students’ relationships arise depending on their gender. Therefore, more research would be necessary to deepen on how CLIL affects in this regard. (shrink)

Implementar el mapa de empatía para activar la autorregulación emocional del alumnado al inicio de la asignatura, es el objetivo de la investigación, la muestra es opinática, formada por treinta estudiantes. La metodología cuasi-experimental mixta verificará la hipótesis: el mapa de empatía activa la aproximación emocional. Los resultados demuestran una falta de correlación entre las percepciones a priori y a posteriori de la presentación de la asignatura, y una correlación positiva entre los esfuerzos y los resultados que se desean obtener. (...) Como conclusión, se descubre la importancia de proporcionar herramientas catalizadoras que aceleren la autodeterminación cognitiva y emocional del alumnado. (shrink)

Research examining Service-Learning in Physical Education Teacher Education is ample. However, long-term investigations are still scarce and literature demands the application of this type of design to uncover the effects of SL on the long run. This study followed a longitudinal quantitative approach; thus, the participants completed the Civic Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire in three occasions. Results show that there exist significant differences between mean values of the global outcomes of the CASQ; concretely, there was an improvement in the first (...) interval followed by a decrease in the second period. Regarding the different dimensions of the CASQ, leadership skills, attitudes towards social justice and attitudes towards diversity showed significant differences too. This research leads towards better understanding of methodological strategies promoting quality education, positing SL as an adequate possibility in this respect, also in the long term. (shrink)

The article starts with the Catholic and ecumenical reception of the invitation of Ut Unum Sint to establish a fraternal and patient dialogue in order to «find a way of exercising the primacy, which, while in no way renouncing what is essential to its mission, is nonetheless open to a new situation» . It concludes with the proposal of ordo communionis primatus, the order of communion of primacy, where one would more formally distinguish between «habitual and daily» exercise of primacy (...) and the extraordinary and ultimate Petrine ministry in the Church. The hope is this «new situation» may provide a complete realisation of the ardent prayer of Jesus, which indeed is the title of the encyclical Ut Unum Sint, «that all may be one». (shrink)

This paper analyzes the scientific achievements of the noted arabist Salvador Vila Hernández, chiefly his dedication to research and teaching in the universities and Schools of Arabic Studies of Madrid and Granada. His work is placed in the intellectual context of those years, during which he initiated energetically the specialized study of the history of law and of Islamic institutions, especially with reference to al-Andalus.

Este artículo reconstruye el contexto histórico y cinematográfico que permitió que la película de Luis Buñuel y Salvador Dalí tuviera una intencionalidad distinguible. Para demostrar ese acápite, retomo los estudios críticos que se han hecho en torno a este cortometraje, así como las categorías pertinentes de las vanguardias del dadaísmo y el surrealismo, junto con el psicoanálisis de Sigmund Freud y Jacques Lacan. Con todo ello, propongo que el objetivo de este trabajo es fundamentar las razones que generaron que (...) esta producción fílmica estuviera orientada a transgredir lo tradicional y lo ético de la sociedad europea. Esa volición solo se lograría desde la epifanía de su arte onírico e inconexo. (shrink)

Nesta comunicação, discutimos os discursos intolerantes e privilégios religiosos que circulam no contexto prisional baiano, que por um lado afeta a presença e expressão de religiosidades de matriz africana através de processos de demonização, desqualificação e desautorização religiosa, por outro, produz privilégios direcionados a cristãos, em especial, vinculados as vertentes evangélicas/protestantes. Os dados apresentados são oriundos de parte da dissertação intitulada “nome suprimido”, desenvolvida no Programa. Adotamos a perspectiva da psicologia social, sustentada teórico-metodologicamente no movimento do Construcionismo Social. Além disso, (...) utilizamos contribuições mais específicas que situam os processos de racialização e seus efeitos para a compreensão do tema desse estudo, em especial de Franz Fanon. Os dados foram produzidos através de entrevistas, via roteiro semiestruturado, de quatro custodiados, três agentes penitenciários/as e um agente religioso no Complexo Penitenciário Lemos Brito na cidade de Salvador, analisadas à luz da análise categorial temática. Concluímos que a instituição prisão ainda funciona de forma preponderadamente colonial, onde a reatualização da hegemonia cristã, com a roupagem atual das vertentes evangélicas/protestantes. Esse horizonte localiza o corpus religioso de matriz africana, importante e fundamental prisma de resistência identitária negra diaspórica, como algo a ser neutralizado, incidindo maior vulnerabilidade da população negra ao discurso cristão que produz auto-ódio, desvinculação social, com base em intolerância religiosa, racismo religioso e institucional. (shrink)

Mi propósito en este ensayo es discutir y entender las relaciones entre mito e Ilustración en la Dialéctica de la Ilustración, que Horkheimer y Adorno expresan con la enigmática frase de que “el mito es ya Ilustración y la Ilustración recae en la mitología”. Para estos autores, la barbarie del siglo XX, que ha tenido una expresión inhumana en los campos fascistas y estalinistas de trabajo y de muerte, los lleva a repensar las relaciones entre los conceptos ya mencionados. Esta (...) inhumanidad no es meramente producto de “fuerzas oscuras”, sino que en ellos se manifiesta una forma limitada de la racionalidad, que no ha podido superar el elemento mítico de la venganza y el sacrificio. Esta limitación es producto de una razón que se ha puesto a sí misma como algo libre de toda naturaleza y corporeidad. Para aclarar esto, discuto los conceptos de razón identificadora, progreso, humanidad, sí mismo, sacrificio de sí y del otro. En la parte final, se analiza el viaje al Hades de Odiseo, que para estos autores encarna el momento de reconciliación entre ser humano y naturaleza, entre mito y razón, que no señala a un más allá de la historia, sino a la capacidad de la razón de darle voz a lo reprimido y de no olvidar sus determinaciones naturales. (shrink)

We may succed in the fulfilment of our desires but still fail to properly own our practical life, perhaps because we acted as addicts, driven by desires that are alien to our will, or as “wantons,” satisfying the desires that we simply happen to have (Frankfurt, 1988 ). May we equally fail to own the outcomes of our epistemic life? If so, how may we attain epistemic ownership over it? This paper explores the structural parallellism between practical and epistemic rationality, (...) building on Williamson’s ( 2002 ) suggestion that we should commence with successful performances as the foundation for both domains, be it action or knowledge. By highlighting the limitations of higher-order regulative approaches in epistemology, exemplified by Sosa ( 2007, 2011, 2015, 2021 ), the paper introduces a form of teleological epistemic constitutivism inspired by Velleman ( 2000, 2009 ). The proposal is that epistemic ownership is not attained in the mere pursuit of truth or knowledge, but requires furthermore a struggle to understand what we know. (shrink)

This paper intends to explore whether and how the quality of participation experiences is associated with political efficacy and the disposition of migrant and non-migrant young people to becoming involved. The sample includes 1010 young people of Portuguese, Angolan and Brazilian origin, aged between 15 and 29 years old. The results reveal that the quality of participation experiences is related to political efficacy and dispositions to becoming involved, but different groups seem to react differently to different forms of political action.

This article develops a theory of border subjectivity that considers the cybernetic role of narrative structures and mediation in political advocacy aimed at dreamers and DACA recipients. "Cybersujetos” are border subjects who are racialized by cybernetic systems and media narratives, but can resist control by repurposing cultural technologies. In assessing the limitations of journalism, literature, and film as outlets for political advocacy, this article finds that remediated representations of undocumented youth that attempt to expand their political agency can further alienate (...) them. Outdated stereotypes in representation are substituted with a proliferation of diverse but still racialized figures meant to demarcate "exceptional" candidates for naturalization, thus failing to challenge the normative parameters of citizenship itself and the militarized position of the US on the global stage. (shrink)

This paper analyses the metaliterary statements that pervade the oeuvre of Ennodius of Pavia (a.d. 474–521) in order to reconstruct his underlying conception of language: its nature, power, function, limitations, and dangers. This new perspective provides a more nuanced insight into the paradoxical poetics of the author as well as his final renunciation to literature after his appointment as bishop of Pavia.

My purpose is to suggest and open a dialogue between Plato and Adorno, and for this I have chosen the concept of mimesis, a concept that plays a central role in both thinkers both epistemologically and aesthetically. While Plato uses the term in order to expel the poets from Kallipolis, to be more precise certain kinds of poetry such as tragedy and comedy, Adorno uses the term to show the relationship between art and natural beauty, the somatic dimension of knowledge, (...) and the importance subversive poets and artists. For Plato, poets are three times removed from the truth and for Adorno, by contrast, the work of art is a vehicle of truth. This dialogue between an ancient and a modern intends to show not only the presence of the old in the new, but the valuable present and the fruitful transformation that an old concept can have. (shrink)

ABSTRACT:Neuroethics, the study of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying ethical decision-making, is a growing field of study. In this review, we identify and discuss four themes emerging from neuroethics research. First, ethical decision-making appears to be distinct from other types of decision-making processes. Second, ethical decision-making entails more than just conscious reasoning. Third, emotion plays a critical role in ethical decision-making, at least under certain circumstances. Lastly, normative approaches to morality have distinct, underlying neural mechanisms. On the basis of (...) these themes, we draw implications for research in business ethics and the practice of ethics training. (shrink)

RESUMEN El diálogo propuesto entre Heidegger y Adorno, especificamente en lo que concierne a las ideas de crítica y de resistencia, no desconoce la importancia que adquiere para el último la crítica extensa que él mismo dirige a la ontología de Heidegger, ni para este su cuestionamiento de la filosofia dialéctica. El artículo busca mostrar que, en ambos autores, la idea de crítica y de resistencia se resuelve como indagación del sentido negativo de la experiencia. Se concluye que, destacando semejanzas (...) y diferencias en sus planteamientos, la reivindicación del carácter negativo de la experiencia equivale reivindicar el poder crítico de la filosofia y del arte. ABSTRACT The dialogue between these two authors, concerning specifically the ideas of critique and resistance, does not ignore the importance attributed by Adorno to the extensive critique that himself addresses to Heidegger's ontology, nor the one attributed by the latter to his questioning of the dialectical philosophy. The paper shows that in both authors the ideas of critique and resistance can be settled as an inquiry into the negative sense of experience. It is concluded that, highlighting similarities and differences in their approaches, the recognition of the negative trait of experience equals to claiming the critical power of philosophy and art. (shrink)

Este ensayo se propone explorar algunas de las relaciones de Adorno con la literatura, teniendo como hilo conductor los conceptos de memoria, catástrofe y utopía. La memoria de la literatura es rebelión contra el manto de olvido con que los medios de comunicación y las esferas del poder quieren cubrir las catástrofes, crueldades y mentiras vividas por una sociedad, y de ésta contribuye a mantener la utopía: el deseo de que la sociedad puede ser organizada más justamente. En el centro (...) de la reflexión de Adorno sobre la literatura está la relación entre obra literaria y sociedad, y las relaciones de la primera, mediante la forma, con la segunda. ¿En qué consiste la verdad de una obra de arte? ¿Cómo pensar la relación entre obra de arte y sociedad sin caer en el sociologismo? ¿Cumple la obra de arle una función cognoscitiva? Responder a estas preguntas es un objetivo de este ensayo. (shrink)

Resumen Mi intención es sugerir y abrir un diálogo entre Platón y Adorno, para lo cual he elegido el concepto de mímesis, un concepto que juega un papel central en ambos pensadores tanto gnoseológicamente como estéticamente. Mientras que el término le sirve a Platón para expulsar a los poetas de Kallipolis, más exactamente ciertos tipos de poesía como la tragedia y la comedia, Adorno lo usa para mostrar el lazo entre el arte y la belleza natural, la dimensión somática del (...) conocimiento, y la importancia subversiva de los poetas y los artistas. Para Platón los poetas están tres veces alejados de la verdad y para Adorno, por el contrario, la obra de arte es un vehículo de la verdad. Este diálogo quiere mostrar no sólo la presencia de lo antiguo en lo moderno, sino la valiosa actualidad y la fructífera transformación que puede padecer un concepto antiguo.My purpose is to suggest and open a dialogue between Plato and Adorno, and for this I have chosen the concept of mimesis, a concept that plays a central role in both thinkers both epistemologically and aesthetically. While Plato uses the term in order to expel the poets from Kallipolis, to be more precise certain kinds of poetry such as tragedy and comedy, Adorno uses the term to show the relationship between art and natural beauty, the somatic dimension of knowledge, and the importance subversive poets and artists. For Plato, poets are three times removed from the truth and for Adorno, by contrast, the work of art is a vehicle of truth. This dialogue between an ancient and a modern intends to show not only the presence of the old in the new, but the valuable present and the fruitful transformation that an old concept can have. (shrink)

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo presentar algunos de los temas centrales de la Dialéctica negativa de Adorno. Especial atención se le dedica al concepto de mediación, sus relaciones con el concepto de no-identidad y a los de sujeto y objeto. Importante en Adorno es su intento de superar inmanentemente la dualidad férrea sujeto-objeto de la filosofía moderna, y el concepto de conciencia que le subyace, y por ello es difícil considerar a Adorno, como lo hace Habermas, a un filósofo preso (...) en las aporías de la filosofía de la conciencia. (shrink)

Resumen: En este trabajo me propongo exponer las relaciones entre racionalidad responsiva y extrañeza en la obra de Bernhard Waldenfels. Expondré esta relación a partir de seis tesis con el propósito de que ellas se complementen mutuamente y logren mostrar, de la manera más apropiada posible, la relación entre responsividad y la experiencia de lo extraño. Estos puntos son: 1. Una breve aclaración terminológica. Diferencia entre lo otro y lo extraño. 2. La relación entre discurso escrito y hablado. 3. La (...) concepción de orden, vinculada con mecanismos de inclusión y exclusión. 4. La relación entre pathos y respuesta, como los puntos focales de la racionalidad responsiva. 5. La relación entre el decir y lo dicho y la temporalidad que los vincula y separa. Y por último, 6. Me ocuparé del problema de cómo hablar sobre lo extraño y el problema del lenguaje indirecto.: The purpose of this paper is to show the relations between responsiveness and strangeness in the work of Bernhard Waldenfels. I will expose this relationship in six theses, so that they complement each other and show, in the most appropriate possible way, the relationship between responsiveness and the experience of the strange. These points are, 1. A brief clarification of terminology. Difference between the other and the strange. 2. The relationship between written and spoken speech. 3. The conception of order, linked to mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion. 4. The relationship between pathos and response, as focal points of responsive rationality. 5. The relationship between saying and what is said and the temporality that links and separates them. And finally, 6. I will deal with the problem of how to talk about the strange and the problem of indirect language. (shrink)

Mediante la discusión de un artículo del musicólogo Carlos Villanueva, tomado como paradigma de un determinado tipo de discurso, problematizamos la noción de interpretación histórica para confrontar al historicismo sonoro no una lúcida crítica presentista sino un enfoque actualista capaz de contraponerse con solidez filosófica y artística a las prácticas museísticas del historicismo musicológico típicamente basado en una pretensión de objetivismo sonoro supuestamente respaldada por las disciplinas historiográficas. Esta expansión hermenéuticamente actualista, tanto de la noción de autenticidad como de fidelidad (...) a la intención del compositor, fundamentaría prácticas interpretativas que acercasen mejor el repertorio histórico al oyente actual sin el lastre del canon estético típicamente imperante en las salas de concierto. Porque, ¿y si mediante un enfoque actualizador novedoso la labor interpretativa del repertorio histórico musical lograse comunicar mejor a la idiosincrasia social actual las grandes obras del pasado sin renunciar a un rigor de adecuación estilística ni traicionar, o incluso preservando mejor aún, la intención del compositor? (shrink)

What is the relationship between Thailand’s human rights crisis during Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra’s leadership and the USA-led post-9/11 war on terror? Why did the human rights situation dramatically deteriorate after the Thaksin regime publicly supported the Bush administration’s war on terror and consequently received US counterterror assistance? This article offers two conceptual arguments that jointly demonstrate a constitutive theoretical explanation, which shows that counterterror and militaristic transnational and national discursive structures enabled the strategy of state repression in Thailand under (...) Thaksin. The first concept refers to strategic localization, which refers to how the Bush administration’s global war on terror—and its consequent overarching emphasis on military security—provided an opportunity for the Thaksin administration to strategically localize the global threat of terrorism in ways that could seem relevant to the local Thai context. The second concept pertains to resource mobilization, which shows how converging US and Thai discourses on military security facilitated Thaksin’s strategy of increased state repression that led to the proliferation of state-led human rights abuses. This research article contributes to the human rights literature in two ways: by highlighting how foreign aid programs and its constitutive political discourses shape recipient countries’ domestic human rights situation and by tracing the macro-political factors that lead to the eventual democratic decay of contemporary Thailand. (shrink)

Savulescu and Cameron supported selectively locking down the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic on two grounds: first, that preserving total lockdown would entail levelling down and, second, that levelling down is wrong. Their first assumption has been thoroughly addressed, but more can be said about their wider antiegalitarian point that levelling down is simply wrong. Egalitarians are not defenceless against the levelling-down objection. Even though some consider it the most serious challenge to supporters of equality, egalitarianism possesses sound reasons to (...) assert, not only that something valuable is preserved when we level down, but also that preserving it may be, in certain circumstances, preferable to pursuing other fundamental moral goals. Although troublesome from a well-being maximising standpoint, levelling down ensures that healthcare policy reflects a commitment with the idea that people are equal in moral worth. That commitment is important enough to trump certain improvements in individual well-being. In the case of pandemic lockdowns, not all the interests protected by free movement are as fundamental as to pursue them at the cost of equality. Savulescu and Cameron’s framework is so reliant on the view that levelling down is wrong that it fails to account for the valuable loss that having the elderly suffer alone represents. (shrink)

La inteligencia artificial transforma el derecho. No es solo un modo de facilitar la actividad jurídica. Tiene implicaciones epistemológicas y sociales. El derecho se reduce a datos y a cálculos. Prospera un jurista maquinal. Se empobrece la racionalidad jurídica. Se olvida que la clave del derecho no es el procesamiento de datos sino la creación de sentido.